民事诉讼调解社会化的根据、原则与限度

民事诉讼调解社会化的理论根据是＂司法权的社会性＂,民事诉讼调解社会化为司法权的社会性在市民社会形成过程中的妥当回归提供了可行途径。民事诉讼调解社会化有效地回应了社会力量参与司法的正当诉求,可为法院参与创新社会管理提供宽大的现实舞台。现行《宪法》第123条和第126条能够为民事审判权行使方式的二元化提供合理的解释空间,民事诉讼调解社会化在宪法框架内具有正当性根据。民事诉讼调解社会化不能坐等司法权的强大,其在相势展开的同时应坚持循序渐进原则和有效性标准。     

民事和解的理论解析及制度构建——以民事检察为视角

目前,各地检察机关正积极开展民事和解工作,检察官在其中发挥了疏导情绪、信息沟通、辅助选择的重要作用,推进了社会纠纷化解。从民事诉讼目的、调解原则、检察监督原则以及检察机关是否存在角色冲突等角度来分析,检察机关主持民事和解具有合法性。限于目前条件,检察机关主持和解应侧重于影响巨大的案件、当事人间有特殊关系的案件,应坚持自愿、合法、中立、诚信的基本原则,构建保障当事人基本权利的和解程序。     

刑法与民法之间的交错

刑法与民法在调整对象、规范、行为、法律责任上存在较多交叉、竞合之处。处理刑法与民法交错问题要有刑法与民法关联思维,对其进行整体性、交互式思考。要注意民法的前置分析,尤其是在刑法与民法之间具有规范效应的情形下更是如此。要提倡目的解释。     

民法典编纂背景下的知识产权法体系化路径

法典化是立法者将现行私法规范以综合和科学的方法加以体系化重构,以实现法的现代性和体系性。民法典和知识产权单行法同源于启蒙现代性,知识产权对于主体性的价值不亚于其他私权。古典民法典与知识产权失之交臂有三个原因:古典民法典的首要任务是整理旧制度;专利发明和作品与人的主体人格紧密联系;专利权和版权的特许权烙印使其受到质疑。WTO时代的半数民法典包含知识产权篇章的原因是:民法典强调主体性的实现和保障;个人劳动和智力成果财富成为个人自由的物质保障;民法典需要构建多元、开放和便于实现的财产权利体系。我国知识产权法的体系化有三条可能路径:第一是将其从价值和规范两个层面全面融入民法典,次优路径是将其作为民事特别法融入民法典价值判断体系,知识产权专门法典的尝试面临一些挑战。     

Trade,peace-building and hybrid governance in the Sudan-South Sudan borderlands

ABSTRACT

Trade and markets in weak states are often discussed in relation with violence, security and peace-building. A case in point are marketplaces in the Sudan-South Sudan borderlands where communities separated by insecurity and hostility meet, not only to trade but also to negotiate and exchange information. This does not imply that establishment of such markets automatically results in peace and stability. Based on new empirical research on the Amieth market in Abyei – an area contested by the two Sudans – I argue that such markets rely on security guarantees negotiated between a set of heterogenous societal groups and that the overall impact of such border markets is largely determined within a context of hybrid security governance. The conclusion emphasises that without a proper analysis of this context, external assistance to such borderland markets might just as well enable violent conflict actors as being a tool for peace-building.     

论民事诉前鉴定程序及其建议——以诉前鉴定试点情况展开

从部分法院开展民事诉前鉴定的实践来看,谁来主导诉前鉴定、如何选定鉴定机构、诉前鉴定的范围问题一直是拷问民事诉前鉴定程序是否合法、高效的关键。在认识层面上,应肯定民事诉前鉴定属于司法鉴定或证据收集的法律地位,肯定其具有多元化解及提升审判质效的巨大优势。在实践层面上,应结合当前人民法院诉讼服务中心建设以及审判团队建设两个关键,探索运用由法官助理主导、鉴定人员参与的法律及技术双重审查路径,这样既可克服当前司法实践中谁来主导诉前鉴定的问题,又能使得鉴定程序“审鉴分离”,达到民事诉前鉴定充分扩大适用的法律效果。     

Resistance and reform: discourses on marital law in Japan*

This article examines opinions concerning fūfubessei (a married couple retaining their birth surnames) posted on an online forum. Recently, the topic of fūfubessei has once again come under a spotlight, since the Japanese Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Civil Code Article 750, which stipulates that a married couple must choose either the husband's or wife's surname upon marriage registration. Owing to the large number of women forfeiting their surnames, the fūfubessei issue has often been researched from feminist perspectives, which may have hindered the voices of others. This article analyzes, using text mining (quantitative analysis) and discourse analysis (qualitative analysis), a large number of opinions from people of various cultural backgrounds. The results of this study reveal a diversity of beliefs and attitudes towards Article 750, reflecting the complexity of the issue. In general, proponents of reform claim the law violates equality, rights and liberty. From opponents there was a strong push to conform rather than to recognize a need for individual choice. Moreover, the many personal narratives provided insight into issues on the ground and revealed how many in Japanese society have dealt with the law, social pressure and social expectations and why they have followed the path they have chosen.     

论刑民交叉案件的程序处理

在刑民交叉案件的程序处理顺序上，无论是“先刑后民”“先民后刑”还是“刑民并行” ，均是一种既定的程序处理模式，省思当下刑民交叉案件的司法现状，其程序处理应当立足于更深层次的因素。从分类上来看，传统的界定标准与类型划分存在一定瑕疵，类型化的程序处理机制只是一种表象适配，以案件事实为中心的界定与分类才更为妥善。在此前提下，较为妥当地处理刑民交叉程序冲突的进路应当坚持以前置关系判断为主、利益保护判断为辅的原则。优先判断是否存在前置关系，存在时适用“先刑后民”或“先民后刑” ，不存在时适用“刑民并行” 。同时，以利益保护作为辅助性原则，重点考量依据前置关系判断的程序适用是否对涉案人或单位造成较大的不利影响，如具有利益保护的重要性，应重新判断程序适用模式。贯彻层次性的理念，也能为刑民交叉案件中较为疑难的程序问题提供解决思路，诸如生效裁判既判力、证据交叉适用、涉案款物的处理等。     

Environmentally friendly food initiatives in Iran: between environmental citizenship and pluralizing the public sphere

In this article I analyze acts of citizenship within environmentally friendly food initiatives in Iran. I show that act of environmental citizenship intersects with politics of pluralizing the public sphere within these initiatives. I present original research that shows how these practices are determined by state-society relations. It is shown that the main objective of most of the initiators of these enterprises is to provide a source of information about healthy and environmentally friendly food as well as providing access to such food. In contrast, many consumers also use these initiatives as spaces where they can experience and make a more pluralistic public sphere. This article contributes to a better understanding of the concept of environmental citizenship and demonstrates the relevance of the concept to broader notions of citizenship.     

Power,politics and perception: the impact of foreign policy on civilian–peacekeeper relations

This article responds to a recent call for increased empirical evidence on the ‘local turn’ in the peacebuilding literature and discusses the impact of the international on local consent for peace operations. Using fresh empirical material this article examines the case of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). It shows how local perceptions of the foreign policies of peacekeeping contingents matter, and how this affects the functionality of the mission. This article highlights the heterogeneity of both United Nations peacekeeping missions and local populations, an issue that is insufficiently discussed in the literature on local engagement in peacebuilding/peacekeeping.